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NOSEBLEEDS IN CHILDREN: SYMPTOMS, HOME CARE, PRECAUTIONS AND TREATMENT
Signs and symptoms
You will have no difficulty recognizing a nosebleed. Since the two sides of the nose join in the back, and also join with the throat and the oesophagus (which lead to the stomach), blood may flow from both nostrils or from the mouth; the child may also vomit blood.
Home care
Teach your child at an early age how to stop a nosebleed by him- or herself. Tell the child to remain calm and to sit upright with the head held high; this will decrease blood pressure in the blood vessels. Show the child how to grasp the whole lower half of the nose between his or her thumb and fingers and in this way compress both sides of the nose firmly against the septum. The child should hold the nose this way for ten minutes to allow time for the blood to clot. If bleeding recurs when the pressure is released, it probably means that a large clot in the nose is preventing the broken blood vessel from sealing. The child should blow the nose vigorously to dislodge the clot; then, after the clot has been removed, compress the nose again for ten to 12 minutes.
To prevent recurring nosebleeds, put petroleum jelly in the child’s nose morning and evening for seven to 14 days. Use a vaporizer or humidifier to add moisture to the air at night.
Precautions
• To stop a nosebleed, do not merely pinch nostrils together, but compress the entire soft portion of the nose. Otherwise, the blood will dam up and run down the throat.
• Do not lay your child down.
• Remain calm and reassure your child.
• It is not necessary to use cold compresses, pressure on the upper lip, nose drops, and other household remedies.
• Do not pack the nose with cotton or gauze.
Medical treatment
Generally, your doctor’s treatment will be the same as your home treatment, and you only need to consult the doctor when home treatment is not effective. If the nosebleed is due to an allergy or a cold your doctor will treat that condition. Your doctor will rarely need to pack the nasal passages or cauterize (seal off) the blood vessels in order to control recurring nosebleeds.
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