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THROAT LOZENGES AND SPRAYS ANTIHISTAMINES
Lozenges can keep the throat moist but so can chewing hard candy. Throat sprays, or lozenges containing pain relievers, can provide temporary relief for the distress of a sore throat. But lozenges containing a mix of pain relievers, decongestants and cough suppressants are seldom effective as the ingredients often nullify each other.
Because sprays and lozenges containing pain relievers may mask a serious throat infection such as strep throat, you are advised to limit their use to a maximum of forty eight hours.
Children should never be given the full adult dosage of any OTC medication. Children aged six to eleven require only half the adult dose while those two to five may be given one-Fourth the recommended adult dose. Infants Under two should be given medication only on a physician’s advice.
Similar caveats apply to almost all OTC medications for dysfunctions with symptoms that may be confused with those of the common cold.
Antihistamines reduce swollen membranes, congestion, running nose, sneezing, postnasal drip and itchy, watery eyes due to allergic rhinitis by blocking the effects of prostaglandins produced by histamine. Antihistamines are available in tablets, capsules or liquid OTC remedies and may be included in anti-sneezing preparations. While antihistamines are effective in relieving hayfever and similar types of allergic rhinitis, they are most effective in single-ingredient medications that contain only antihistamine. Multi-ingredient products can compound side effects while ingredients other than antihistamine have no benefits for allergic rhinitis.
The most common side effect of antihistamines is drowsiness. Some antihistamines, in fact, are used to induce sleep. Worth knowing is that products using brompheniramine maleate or chlorpheniramine maleate seem to cause least drowsiness. Less common side effects include low blood pressure, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, dizziness, blurred vision, constriction of small blood vessels, anxiety, loss of appetite and dryness of nose, throat and mouth. This dryness may extend to bronchial tissue, making it difficult to raise mucus from the chest without severe coughing.
Since antihistamines dry up secretions which may block airways and increase breathing difficulties, antihistamines should not be used by those with asthma. Nor should antihistamines be used by anyone with glaucoma or an enlarged prostate unless prescribed by a physician; and antihistamines may cause nervousness, restlessness and insomnia in children.
Although antihistamines prevent the discomfort of hayfever, in doing so they may retard the healing process.
Antihistamines used in anti-sneezing preparations may, in the process of inhibiting sneezing, actually thicken mucus and worsen cold symptoms. OTC cold remedies which include antihistamines also carry an unsuspected hazard: they may suppress certain cold or flu symptoms, giving the impression that one has recovered. A person may then decide to get up and return to work, which could increase the risk of complications.
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