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AFTER CANCER: LATE EFFECTS OR LATE PROBLEMS FROM CANCER TREATMENT
Do All People Develop Late Effects or Late Problems from The Cancer Treatment?
No. Although you may have an increased risk for developing certain problems, most cancer survivors do not develop these problems. For example, if the normal risk for developing a certain medical problem is 1 in 5,000 and your cancer treatment r you at ten times the usual risk, your risk becomes 10 in 5,000. Statistically speaking, this is a much higher risk than if you not have your cancer treatments, but the absolute risk is still very small.
Are Late Effects Preventable?
As more is learned about late effects, efforts can be made to vent them by
•adjusting the treatment to be as effective as possible in curing the original cancer while minimizing the chances of creating late effects. Advances in the techniques of radiation therapy allow a more effective killing of cancer cells with less damage to surrounding normal tissue.
•taking measures to protect against late effects. Smoking causes changes in blood vessels that worsen the changes from radiation. Stopping smoking reduces the damage to normal tissue from radiation.
•investigating potential medicines and treatments that do not interfere with killing the cancer cells but help protect the normal cells against the damaging effects of cancer therapy. Several such studies are currently in progress.
•exploring and perfecting medicines or therapies that can be administered after the completion of therapy and that can stabilize exposed normal cells, making them less likely to turn cancerous themselves.
•taking measures to minimize added injury or risk to tissue injured by cancer therapy. Skin that has been radiated is especially vulnerable to the damaging effects of exposure to the sun.
•being alert to situations that trigger late effects. After the patient has received bleomycin or mitomycin-C (two types of chemotherapy), high-dose oxygen can trigger lung injury and thus should be used only when absolutely necessary.
You do not need to become an expert on all of the medical effects of all of your treatments. The way for you to minimize your chances of developing late effects is to
•know the names and amounts of all your treatments •remind the doctors, anesthesiologists, and dentists who treat you of all treatments you received. Remind them before every treatment; do not assume that they remember prior discussions.
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